Unifit Metalloys Inc. is a well-known distributor of SS 316 / 316L Stud Bolts, which has high corrosion resistance and strength. Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolts is typically used for elevated temperature applications. Stainless Steel 316L Stud Bolts is the low carbon version which minimizes carbide precipitation and improves weldability. The lower nickel content of SS 316 Stud Bolts improves resistance to sulfur attack at high temperatures. SS 316L Stud Bolts is employed for parts requiring both corrosion and heat resistance and oxidation resistance up to 2000 Degree F.
316 Stainless Steel Stud Bolts is an austenitic chromium-nickel heat resistant stainless steel with good oxidation resistance up to 1038 Degree C. 316L Stainless Steel Stud Bolts is used in Boiler baffles, Furnace components, Oven lining, Fireboxes, Kiln Liners, and Sulfite liquor handling equipment. Alloy 316 Stud Bolts is extensively inured to the effect of sulfurous gases. Due to their high chromium and nickel content, Alloy 316L Stud Bolts are highly corrosion resistant and have outstanding resistance to oxidation.
Stainless Steel UNS S31600 Stud Bolts is superior in both strength and corrosion resistance. Stainless Steel UNS S31603 Stud Bolts may be used in continuous service at temperatures up to 2000 Degree F (1090 Degree C.) Grade 316 Stud Bolts are essentially nonmagnetic as annealed and become lightly magnetic when cold worked. Grade 316L Stud Bolts has the retention of a larger fraction of room temperature strength than the common austenitic alloys.
STANDARD | DIN | UNS | JIS | BS | GOST | AFNOR | EN |
SS 316 | 1.4401 / 1.4436 | S31600 | SUS 316 | 316S31 / 316S33 | - | Z7CND17‐11‐02 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 / X3CrNiMo17-13-3 |
SS 316L | 1.4404 / 1.4435 | S31603 | SUS 316L | 316S11 / 316S13 | 03Ch17N14M3 / 03Ch17N14M2 | Z3CND17‐11‐02 / Z3CND18‐14‐03 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 / X2CrNiMo18-14-3 |
Specifications : ASTM A193 / ASME SA193 DIN, ASTM, BS and all International Standards
Length : 3mm to 200mm
Size : M02 to M33, Custom Sizes
Property Class : A2-70, A2-80, A4-70, A4-80, F593C, F593D, F593G, F593H, B8, B8M CL1 & CL2
Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | Fe |
SS 316 | 0.08 max | 2.0 max | 1.0 max | 0.045 max | 0.030 max | 16.00 - 18.00 | 2.00 - 3.00 | 11.00 - 14.00 | 67.845 min |
SS 316L | 0.035 max | 2.0 max | 1.0 max | 0.045 max | 0.030 max | 16.00 - 18.00 | 2.00 - 3.00 | 10.00 - 14.00 | 68.89 min |
Density | Melting Point | Tensile Strength | Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) | Elongation |
---|---|---|---|---|
8.0 g/cm3 | 1400 °C (2550 °F) | Psi – 75000 , MPa – 515 | Psi – 30000 , MPa – 205 | 35 % |
ASTM | ASTM A193 Stud Bolt | ASTM A307 Stud Bolt | ASTM A320 Stud Bolt |
ASTM A325 Stud Bolt | ASTM A354 Stud Bolt | ASTM A449 Stud Bolt | |
ASTM A490 Stud Bolt | ASTM F568 Stud Bolt | ASTM F593 Stud Bolt | |
ASTM F1554 Stud Bolt | ASTM A325M Stud Bolt | ASTM A490M Stud Bolt | |
IS | IS 1363 Stud Bolt | IS 1364 Stud Bolt | IS 2585 Stud Bolt |
IS 3138 Stud Bolt | IS 3640 Stud Bolt | IS 10238 Stud Bolt | |
IS 3757 Stud Bolt | IS 6639 Stud Bolt | ||
DIN | DIN 931 Stud Bolt | DIN 933 Stud Bolt | DIN 938 Stud Bolt |
DIN 939 Stud Bolt | DIN 960 Stud Bolt | DIN 961 Stud Bolt | |
DIN 975 Stud Bolt | DIN 2510 Stud Bolt | DIN 7990 Stud Bolt | |
DIN 610 Stud Bolt | DIN 6914 Stud Bolt | DIN 6915 Stud Bolt | |
BS | BS 1083 Stud Bolt | BS 1768 Stud Bolt | BS 1769 Stud Bolt |
ANSI / ASME | ASME B18.2.1 Stud Bolt | ASME B18.31.3 Stud Bolt | ASME B16.5 Stud Bolt |
ANSI B18.2.1 Stud Bolt | ANSI / ASME B18.1.1 Stud Bolt | ||
ISO | ISO 7412 Stud Bolt |
We offer wide range of industrial Stainless Steel 316, 316L Stud Bolt that in compliance with IS, BS and DIN standards at best market prices in India. To know more about the latest price of Stainless Steel 316/316L Stud Bolts Please Call 91 22 66518521 or Send an Email to chirag@unifitmetalloys.com
Our products range of Stainless Steel 316, 316L Stud Bolt find application in various areas such as: Fertilizer Plants, Petro-Chemical Industries, Civil Industries, Home Fittings, Vessels, Pumps, Heavy Engineering Industries, Ship Building Industries, power Generation Units ( Nuclear, Hydro or Thermal), Steel Plants, Civil Construction Industries, Railways, Oil Expansion Projects, Valves, Off Shore & On Shore Oil Towers etc.
Class 150 Flanges ASME B16.5 (Stud bolt sizes) | Length of Stud Bolts | |||||||
NPS | Outside Diameter of Flange | The diameter of Bolt Circle | The diameter of Bolt Holes | Number of Bolts | Diameter of Bolts | Raised Face 0.06 in |
Ring Joint | |
1/2 | 3 1/2 | 2 3/8 | 5/8 | 4 | 1/2 | 2 1/4 | – | |
3/4 | 3 7/8 | 2 3/4 | 5/8 | 4 | 1/2 | 2 1/2 | – | |
1 | 4 1/4 | 3 1/8 | 5/8 | 4 | 1/2 | 2 1/2 | 3 | |
1 1/4 | 4 5/8 | 3 1/2 | 5/8 | 4 | 1/2 | 2 3/4 | 3 1/4 | |
1 1/2 | 5 | 3 7/8 | 5/8 | 4 | 1/2 | 2 3/4 | 3 1/4 | |
2 | 6 | 4 3/4 | 3/4 | 4 | 5/8 | 3 1/4 | 3 3/4 | |
2 1/2 | 7 | 5 1/2 | 3/4 | 4 | 5/8 | 3 1/2 | 4 | |
3 | 7 1/2 | 6 | 3/4 | 4 | 5/8 | 3 1/2 | 4 | |
3 1/2 | 8 1/2 | 7 | 3/4 | 8 | 5/8 | 3 1/2 | 4 | |
4 | 9 | 7 1/2 | 3/4 | 8 | 5/8 | 3 1/2 | 4 | |
5 | 10 | 8 1/2 | 7/8 | 8 | 3/4 | 3 3/4 | 4 1/4 | |
6 | 11 | 9 1/2 | 7/8 | 8 | 3/4 | 4 | 4 1/2 | |
8 | 13 1/2 | 11 3/4 | 7/8 | 8 | 3/4 | 4 1/4 | 4 3/4 | |
10 | 16 | 14 3/4 | 1 | 12 | 7/8 | 4 1/2 | 5 | |
12 | 19 | 17 | 1 | 12 | 7/8 | 4 3/4 | 5 1/4 | |
14 | 21 | 18 3/4 | 1 1/8 | 12 | 1 | 5 1/4 | 5 3/4 | |
16 | 23 1/2 | 21 1/4 | 1 1/8 | 16 | 1 | 5 1/4 | 5 3/4 | |
18 | 25 | 22 3/4 | 1 1/4 | 16 | 1 1/8 | 5 3/4 | 6 1/4 | |
20 | 27 1/2 | 25 | 1 1/4 | 20 | 1 1/8 | 6 1/4 | 6 3/4 | |
24 | 32 | 29 1/2 | 1 1/4 | 20 | 1 1/4 | 6 3/4 | 7 1/4 | |
Class 300 Flanges ASME B16.5 | Length of Stud Bolts | |||||||
NPS | Outside Diameter of Flange | The diameter of Bolt Circle | The diameter of Bolt Holes | Number of Bolts | Diameter of Bolts | Raised Face 0.06 in |
Ring Joint | |
1/2 | 3 3/4 | 2 5/8 | 5/8 | 4 | 1/2 | 2 1/2 | 3 | |
3/4 | 4 5/8 | 3 1/4 | 3/4 | 4 | 5/8 | 3 | 3 1/2 | |
1 | 4 7/8 | 3 1/2 | 3/4 | 4 | 5/8 | 3 | 3 1/2 | |
1 1/4 | 5 1/4 | 3 7/8 | 3/4 | 4 | 5/8 | 3 1/4 | 3 3/4 | |
1 1/2 | 6 1/8 | 4 1/2 | 7/8 | 4 | 3/4 | 3 1/2 | 4 | |
2 | 6 1/2 | 5 | 3/4 | 8 | 5/8 | 3 1/2 | 4 | |
2 1/2 | 7 1/2 | 5 7/8 | 7/8 | 8 | 3/4 | 4 | 4 1/2 | |
3 | 8 1/4 | 6 5/8 | 7/8 | 8 | 3/4 | 4 1/4 | 4 3/4 | |
3 1/2 | 9 | 7 1/4 | 7/8 | 8 | 3/4 | 4 1/4 | 5 | |
4 | 10 | 7 7/8 | 7/8 | 8 | 3/4 | 4 1/2 | 5 | |
5 | 11 | 9 1/4 | 7/8 | 8 | 3/4 | 4 3/4 | 5 1/4 | |
6 | 12 1/2 | 10 5/8 | 7/8 | 12 | 3/4 | 4 3/4 | 5 1/2 | |
8 | 15 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 7/8 | 5 1/2 | 6 | |
10 | 17 1/2 | 15 1/4 | 1 1/8 | 16 | 1 | 6 1/4 | 6 3/4 | |
12 | 20 1/2 | 17 3/4 | 1 1/4 | 16 | 1 1/8 | 6 3/4 | 7 1/4 | |
14 | 23 | 20 1/4 | 1 1/4 | 20 | 1 1/8 | 7 | 7 1/2 | |
16 | 25 1/2 | 22 1/2 | 1 3/8 | 20 | 1 1/4 | 7 1/2 | 8 | |
18 | 28 | 24 3/4 | 1 3/8 | 24 | 1 1/4 | 7 3/4 | 8 1/4 | |
20 | 30 1/2 | 27 | 1 3/8 | 24 | 1 1/4 | 8 | 8 3/4 | |
24 | 36 | 32 | 1 5/8 | 24 | 1 1/2 | 9 | 10 |
Weight Imperial | |||||||||||||
STUD BOLT LENGTH (in inches) | 1/2 | 5/8 | 3/4 | 7/8 | 1 | 1 1/8 | 1 1/4 | 1.3/8 | 1 1/2 | 1.5/8 | 1.3/4 | 1 7/8 | |
2.1/2 | 10.8 | ||||||||||||
2.3/4 | 11.6 | 19.8 | |||||||||||
3.1/4 | 12.4 | 21 | 32.4 | ||||||||||
3.1/2 | 13.2 | 22.2 | 34.3 | 50 | |||||||||
4 | 14 | 23.4 | 36.2 | 52.6 | 71.8 | ||||||||
4.1/2 | 14.8 | 24.6 | 38.1 | 55.2 | 75.2 | 102 | |||||||
4.3/4 | 15.6 | 25.8 | 40 | 57.8 | 78.6 | 106 | 137 | ||||||
5 | 16.4 | 27 | 41.9 | 60.4 | 82 | 111 | 142 | 179 | |||||
5.1/2 | 17.2 | 28.2 | 43.8 | 63 | 85.4 | 115 | 147 | 186 | 234 | ||||
6 | 18 | 29.4 | 45.7 | 65.6 | 88.8 | 119 | 153 | 193 | 242 | 289 | |||
6.1/4 | 18.8 | 30.6 | 47.6 | 68.2 | 92.2 | 123 | 158 | 200 | 250 | 298 | 263 | ||
6.1/2 | 19.6 | 32.3 | 49.5 | 70.8 | 95.6 | 128 | 164 | 206 | 258 | 308 | 374 | 437 | |
7 | 20.4 | 33.5 | 50.8 | 73.4 | 99 | 132 | 169 | 213 | 266 | 317 | 385 | 449 | |
7.1/2 | 21.2 | 34.8 | 52.7 | 75.5 | 103 | 136 | 174 | 220 | 275 | 326 | 396 | 462 | |
8 | 22 | 36.1 | 54.5 | 78 | 106 | 141 | 180 | 226 | 283 | 336 | 407 | 475 | |
8.1/4 | 37.3 | 56.3 | 80.5 | 108 | 145 | 185 | 233 | 291 | 345 | 418 | 488 | ||
8.3/4 | 38.6 | 58.1 | 83.1 | 112 | 149 | 191 | 240 | 299 | 354 | 429 | 500 | ||
9 | 39.8 | 60 | 85.6 | 115 | 153 | 196 | 246 | 307 | 364 | 440 | 513 | ||
9.1/2 | 41.1 | 61.8 | 88.2 | 118 | 158 | 201 | 253 | 316 | 373 | 451 | 526 | ||
10 | 63.7 | 90.7 | 122 | 162 | 206 | 260 | 324 | 382 | 463 | 538 | |||
10/1.4 | 93.3 | 125 | 166 | 212 | 267 | 332 | 391 | 474 | 551 | ||||
1.0.1/2 | 128 | 171 | 217 | 273 | 340 | 401 | 485 | 564 | |||||
11 | 132 | 175 | 223 | 279 | 345 | 410 | 496 | 576 | |||||
11.1/2 | 135 | 179 | 228 | 285 | 350 | 419 | 507 | 589 | |||||
12 | 138 | 184 | 233 | 292 | 358 | 429 | 518 | 602 | |||||
Weight Of Metric Studs Bolt | |||||||||||||
STUD BOLT LENGTH (in mm) | M10 | M12 | M14 | M16 | M18 | M20 | M22 | M24 | M27 | M30 | M33 | M36 | M39 |
60 | 5,6 | 8,1 | 12 | 15,6 | |||||||||
70 | 6,1 | 8,9 | 13 | 16,9 | 23,7 | ||||||||
80 | 6,6 | 9,6 | 14 | 18,2 | 25,4 | 32,5 | |||||||
90 | 7,1 | 10,3 | 15 | 19,6 | 27,1 | 34,5 | 45,5 | ||||||
100 | 7,6 | 11 | 16 | 21 | 28,8 | 36,7 | 47,2 | 54,2 | |||||
110 | 8,1 | 11,7 | 17 | 22,2 | 30,4 | 38,7 | 48,3 | 58,2 | 80 | ||||
120 | 8,6 | 12,4 | 18 | 23,6 | 32,1 | 40,7 | 50,9 | 60,2 | 84,7 | 107 | |||
130 | 9,1 | 13,2 | 19 | 24,9 | 33,7 | 42,8 | 53,4 | 63,2 | 88,6 | 111 | 141 | ||
140 | 9,6 | 14,2 | 20 | 26,2 | 35,4 | 44,9 | 55,9 | 66,2 | 92,4 | 116 | 147 | 185 | |
150 | 10,1 | 14,9 | 20,8 | 27,5 | 36,9 | 46,9 | 58,5 | 69,2 | 96,3 | 121 | 153 | 192 | 237 |
160 | 10,6 | 15,6 | 21,8 | 29,1 | 38,6 | 49 | 61 | 72,2 | 100,1 | 126 | 159 | 199 | 245 |
170 | 16,4 | 22,8 | 30,4 | 40,2 | 51,1 | 63,5 | 75,2 | 104 | 130 | 165 | 206 | 253 | |
180 | 23,8 | 31,8 | 41,9 | 52,3 | 66,1 | 78,1 | 108 | 135 | 171 | 213 | 261 | ||
190 | 33,1 | 43,5 | 54,4 | 68,4 | 81,1 | 112 | 140 | 176 | 219 | 269 | |||
200 | 34,5 | 45,2 | 56,2 | 71 | 84 | 116 | 144 | 182 | 226 | 278 | |||
210 | 35,8 | 46,8 | 58,5 | 73,5 | 88,4 | 120 | 149 | 188 | 233 | 286 | |||
220 | 37,1 | 48,4 | 60,6 | 76,1 | 91,4 | 124 | 154 | 194 | 240 | 294 | |||
230 | 38,5 | 50,1 | 62,6 | 78,6 | 94,4 | 127 | 159 | 201 | 247 | 302 | |||
240 | 39,8 | 51,7 | 64,7 | 81,2 | 97,4 | 130,9 | 164 | 208 | 253 | 310 | |||
250 | 41,1 | 53,4 | 66,8 | 83,7 | 100,4 | 134,8 | 172 | 214 | 260 | 319 | |||
260 | 55 | 68,8 | 86,3 | 103,4 | 138,6 | 177 | 220 | 267 | 327 | ||||
270 | 56,6 | 70,9 | 88,8 | 106,4 | 142,5 | 182 | 224 | 274 | 335 | ||||
280 | 58,3 | 73 | 91,4 | 109,4 | 146,3 | 187 | 230 | 281 | 343 | ||||
290 | 75 | 93,9 | 112,4 | 150,1 | 192 | 236 | 291 | 360 | |||||
300 | 77,1 | 96,5 | 115,4 | 154 | 196 | 241 | 298 | 368 | |||||
320 | 101,6 | 121,3 | 161,7 | 206 | 253 | 312 | 380 | ||||||
340 | 127,3 | 169,4 | 215 | 265 | 326 | 395 | |||||||
360 | 133,3 | 177,1 | 224 | 276 | 340 | 411 | |||||||
380 | 184,8 | 234 | 288 | 353 | 428 | ||||||||
400 | 192,5 | 243 | 299 | 367 | 444 | ||||||||
420 | 252 | 311 | 381 | 460 | |||||||||
440 | 262 | 322 | 394 | 477 | |||||||||
460 | 271 | 334 | 408 | 493 | |||||||||
480 | 281 | 345 | 422 | 509 | |||||||||
500 | 290 | 357 | 436 | 526 |
Flange Size |
B16.5 Class 150 RF/ Ring Gaskets |
B16.5 Class 150 FF/ Full Face Gaskets |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Torque / Round (ft-lbs) |
Stud Bolts Tighten Sequence |
Torque / Round (ft-lbs) |
Stud Bolts Tighten Sequence |
|||||||
1st |
2nd |
Final |
Dwg/No. |
Bolt Size |
1st |
2nd |
Final |
Dwg*/No. |
Bolt Size |
|
1/2″ |
10 |
20 |
30 |
4-bolt |
1/2″ |
20 |
40 |
60 |
4-bolt |
1/2″ |
3/4″ |
13 |
27 |
40 |
4-bolt |
1/2″ |
20 |
40 |
60 |
4-bolt |
1/2″ |
1″ |
15 |
30 |
50 |
4-bolt |
1/2″ |
20 |
40 |
60 |
4-bolt |
1/2″ |
1-1/4″ |
20 |
40 |
60 |
4-bolt |
1/2″ |
20 |
40 |
60 |
4-bolt |
1/2″ |
1-1/2″ |
20 |
40 |
60 |
4-bolt |
1/2″ |
20 |
40 |
60 |
4-bolt |
1/2″ |
2″ |
40 |
80 |
120 |
4-bolt |
5/8″ |
40 |
80 |
120 |
4-bolt |
5/8″ |
2-1/2″ |
40 |
80 |
120 |
4-bolt |
5/8″ |
40 |
80 |
120 |
4-bolt |
5/8″ |
3″ |
40 |
80 |
120 |
4-bolt |
5/8″ |
40 |
80 |
120 |
4-bolt |
5/8″ |
3-1/2″ |
40 |
80 |
120 |
8-bolt |
5/8″ |
40 |
80 |
120 |
8-bolt |
5/8″ |
4″ |
40 |
80 |
120 |
8-bolt |
5/8″ |
40 |
80 |
120 |
8-bolt |
5/8″ |
5″ |
60 |
120 |
200 |
8-bolt |
3/4″ |
60 |
120 |
200 |
8-bolt |
3/4″ |
6″ |
60 |
120 |
200 |
8-bolt |
3/4″ |
60 |
120 |
200 |
8-bolt |
3/4″ |
8″ |
60 |
120 |
200 |
8-bolt |
3/4″ |
60 |
120 |
200 |
8-bolt |
3/4″ |
10″ |
95 |
190 |
320 |
12-bolt |
7/8″ |
95 |
190 |
320 |
12-bolt |
7/8″ |
12″ |
95 |
190 |
320 |
12-bolt |
7/8″ |
95 |
190 |
320 |
12-bolt |
7/8″ |
14″ |
147 |
294 |
490 |
12-bolt |
1″ |
147 |
294 |
490 |
12-bolt |
1″ |
16″ |
147 |
294 |
490 |
16-bolt |
1″ |
147 |
294 |
490 |
16-bolt |
1″ |
18″ |
213 |
426 |
710 |
16-bolt |
1-1/8″ |
213 |
426 |
710 |
16-bolt |
1-1/8″ |
20″ |
213 |
426 |
710 |
20-bolt |
1-1/8″ |
213 |
426 |
710 |
20-bolt |
1-1/8″ |
24″ |
300 |
600 |
1,000 |
20-bolt |
1-1/4″ |
300 |
600 |
1,000 |
20-bolt |
1-1/4″ |
Flange Size |
B16.5 Class 300 RF/ Ring Gaskets |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Torque / Round (ft-lbs) |
Stud Bolts Tighten Sequence* |
||||
1st |
2nd |
Final |
Dwg/No. |
Stud Bolts Size |
|
1/2″ |
10 |
20 |
30 |
4-bolt |
1/2″ |
3/4″ |
15 |
30 |
50 |
4-bolt |
5/8″ |
1″ |
21 |
42 |
70 |
4-bolt |
5/8″ |
1-1/4″ |
30 |
60 |
100 |
4-bolt |
5/8″ |
1-1/2″ |
45 |
90 |
150 |
4-bolt |
3/4″ |
2″ |
33 |
66 |
110 |
8-bolt |
5/8″ |
2-1/2″ |
42 |
84 |
140 |
8-bolt |
3/4″ |
3″ |
60 |
120 |
200 |
8-bolt |
3/4″ |
3-1/2″ |
60 |
120 |
200 |
8-bolt |
3/4″ |
4″ |
60 |
120 |
200 |
8-bolt |
3/4″ |
5″ |
60 |
120 |
200 |
8-bolt |
3/4″ |
6″ |
60 |
120 |
200 |
12-bolt |
3/4″ |
8″ |
95 |
190 |
320 |
12-bolt |
7/8″ |
10″ |
147 |
294 |
490 |
16-bolt |
1″ |
12″ |
213 |
426 |
710 |
16-bolt |
1-1/8″ |
14″ |
195 |
390 |
650 |
20-bolt |
1-1/8″ |
16″ |
273 |
546 |
910 |
20-bolt |
1-1/4″ |
18″ |
300 |
600 |
1,000 |
24-bolt |
1-1/4″ |
20″ |
300 |
600 |
1,000 |
24-bolt |
1-1/4″ |
24″ |
465 |
930 |
1,550 |
24-bolt |
1-1/2″ |
Unifit Metalloys Inc. manufactures, suppliers and exports of Stainless Steel 316 / 316L Studs Bolt to various countries such as Bangladesh, Spain, Poland, Qatar, Austria, Indonesia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Jordan, Colombia, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Ghana, Mexico, South Korea, Bolivia, Singapore, Pakistan, Australia, United States, China, Bhutan, Iran, Norway, Iraq, Canada, Belgium, Hong Kong, Denmark, Romania, Kuwait, Belarus, Portugal, Argentina, Peru, Malaysia, Gabon, Bulgaria, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Sweden, Bahrain, Turkey, Philippines, Netherlands, Japan, Greece, Ecuador, New Zealand, Thailand, Morocco, Mongolia, Iran, Italy, Taiwan, Trinidad & Tobago, Nigeria, Oman, Russia, Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, Estonia, Tunisia, United Kingdom, Chile, France, Poland, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Yemen, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Kenya, Vietnam, Israel, Lebanon, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Angola, Venezuela, South Africa, Switzerland, Finland, Hungary, Croatia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Libya.